*SOAR [or ROAR if you prefer]
Arid climate
Arabic language
Religion
Muslim (mostly Sunni) 90%
Coptic Christian and other 10%
| Egypt | U.S. | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 106 million | 326 million |
| Literacy rate | 71.2% | 99% |
| Per capita income | $11,763 (rank 136) | $62,530 (rank 15) |
Table Source: CIA World Factbook
| Country | Agriculture | Industry | Services |
| U.S. (2009) | 0.7 | 20.3 | 79 |
| France (2016) | 2.8 | 20 | 77.2 |
| S. Korea (2016) | 4.8 | 24.6 | 70.6 |
| Brazil (2017) | 9.4 | 32 | 58.5 |
| Egypt (2015) | 26 | 25 | 49 |
| China (2016) | 28 | 29 | 44 |
| India (2014) | 47 | 22 | 31 |
Table Source: CIA World Factbook
What parts of the world (Developed vs. Third World) have been the winners and losers in the global redistribution of wealth?
What is the relationship between the industrial potential of Britain and India while India was a colony of Britain from 1765 to 1947? How did India fare in 1750 and 1980 before and after British domination?
Muhammad Ali, r. 1805-44
Modernization program
Factories, schools, etc.
Suez Canal, 1869
Repossessed, 1876
Military revolt, 1882
Egyptian King
British Consul-general
King Fuad, r. 1922-36
King Faruq, r. 1936-52
Traditional social elite retain control
"Half-percent” society (p. 24)
No true democracy
Socio-economic inequity
6% of population own 63% of agricultural land
Political policy
“President” 1956-70
Dictatorship
Economic policy
“Arab socialism”
Land redistribution
Nationalization of large industries
Public Education
“Behind Nasser's apparent hostility to the West lay a profound admiration for the Western way of life.” (Galal A. Amin, Whatever Happened to the Egyptians?: From the Revolution to the Age of Globalization, Translated by David William Wilmsen, (Cairo, New York: American University in Cairo Press, 2000) 51.)
Foreign policy
Pan-Arab nationalism
Balance between U.S. & Soviet Union
Hostility toward Israel
Defeated Egypt in 1948 war
Palestine?
June 1967 War
Israel occupies *Sinai (Egypt), Golan Heights, West Bank, Gaza (Egypt)
Economic downturn
Response of Egyptian public
Nasser losses popularity
Pessimism
Nasser's V.P. in 1970
Political policy
“President,” 1970-81
Dictatorship
Foreign Policy
War with Israel, 1973
Alliance with the U.S.
Peace treaty with Israel, 1979
Economic policy
*Infitah (open-door policy)
Assassinated, 1981
Why?
Sadat’s V.P., 1975-81
“President” 1981-2011
No major changes in policies
What power do international organizations—such as the IMF, World Bank and WTO—and transnational (multinational) corporations (TNCs) have over the global economy?
What is the “Washington Consensus” (pp. 59-63) in trade policies since the 1970s? According to Steger, why are these policies “a new form of colonialism” (p. 61) with negative impacts on developing countries such as Egypt?
Why does Amin seem to agree with Steger about the negative impact of the global forces on developing countries like Egypt?
Why does Amin equate globalization with Americanization and the rise of “mass society”?
Why does Amin say that Egypt’s economic development is a “new form of colonialism” (p. 9)?
Why does Amin think that Egypt’s economic development “over the past 50 years seems to have been largely determined by external factors” (p. 133)?
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank
World Trade Organization (WTO)
#5, #6, #7 promote economic globalization